Neglected Muslim in Formosa (2014-2016)

作為台灣的極少數族群，僅佔台灣人口0.23%的台灣華人穆斯林在台灣多年以來一直處於隱藏的狀態並不為人所知，這與穆斯林議題在世界範圍內熱度截然不同，但卻與台灣在世界版圖中咸少被人提及的情況不謀而合。

As an ‘invisible’ minority among ethnic minority groups within Taiwan, Taiwanese Muslims account for only 0.23% of Taiwan's population. Considering Taiwan's less-mentioned situation around the world, this is a reasonable expectation, despite how popular a topic Muslim has been.

同時因為少數的身份，更多的台灣穆斯林選擇隱藏自己在台灣社會中略顯與眾不同的生活方式，而這也造成了這個族群在台灣的再度隱匿。

At the same time, Taiwanese Muslimskeepthemselvesunder wraps fromthepubliceye by living in a slightly different life style from the main-stream Taiwan society, which makes this minority group even more invisible.

這群在數十年前因中國國共內戰才遷來台灣的華人遜尼派穆斯林，造就了台灣現代穆斯林的基礎。

Decades ago, those Chinese Sunni Muslims who moved to Taiwan during the Chinese Civil War formed the basis of modern Taiwanese Muslims.

而面對台灣社會環境的壓力時，他們其中的不少人在生活中選擇了與非穆斯林幾乎無異的生活方式，接受並已經與當地文化進行融合。

Many of them choose to live a non-Muslims way under the pressure from Taiwan society and yield to the cultural assimilation with locals.

但在當地依然有一批穆斯林族群仍一直在飲食、禮拜、信仰習俗等方面盡可能遵從古蘭經與伊斯蘭聖訓聖行，試圖在這片非伊斯蘭的土地上保留並延續著伊斯蘭教的傳統。

Nevertheless, an array of Muslim groups still sticks to the guidance of diet, prayer, and customs derived from the Holy Qur'an and the Hadith and strives for the preservation and continuation of Islamic tradition with their utmost efforts.

Eid Mubarak, Taipei Mosque

在一位老年穆斯林家中，老人曾經的擔任國民黨軍官時的軍官照，與目前身為中國大陸共產黨警官的親人照片放在一起。這群60多年前中國國共內戰戰敗撤到台灣的國民黨穆斯林軍人及隨國民黨來台的穆斯林商人，成為了伊斯蘭文化在台灣的生根的基礎，同時也成為了近現代台灣穆斯林的發源及重要組成部分，而他們仍然保持著與中國大陸的聯繫。 In an elderly Muslim's apartment, the pictures of him being the officer of the Nationalist Party were placed together with his relative who happened to be an officer of the Communist Party. These Muslim Nationalist soldiers and Muslim businessmen who moved to Taiwan with defeated Nationalists during Chinese Civil War became the basis of Islamic culture in Taiwan. Also, these Muslims who keep in contact with Chinese Mainland became the origin and an essential part of modern times Taiwanese Muslims.

Muslim old man and youth.

麥加朝覲歸來 Return to Taipei after Hajj in Mecca

家中晨禮(فجر)

The mosque chief reads Koran for sick muslims.

Female Taiwanese muslim with her two mixed-race daughters.

Female taiwanese muslim drive a car.

Before going out in the evening

Raojiahe eat his homemade lunch.

Longgang Mosque.

小凈

ritual purification

因為空間有限，龍岡清真寺教長教授阿拉伯語、古蘭經的教室同時也被當作儲物間使用。

Due to the limited space, the classroom has been used as a storage, in which the imam of Long Gang Mosque teaches Arab and the Qur'an.

週末龍岡清真寺內會聚集年齡不大的小穆斯林，他們通常被父母送來上講經班，學習禮拜知識。在下課之余，這些孩子便會拿出手機玩遊戲，而上課所用的古蘭經教材則被攤開放在一旁。由於台灣與美國關係淵源深厚，美國文化早已深入到台灣各處，而對於這些台灣穆斯林少年來說亦不例外。

Every weekend, young Muslims sent by their parents gather at Long Gang Mosque for religious lessons. At break time, these young Muslims put away their textbook for the Qur'an and take out their cell phones to play games.On account of Taiwan's maintained tie with the US, American culture has seeped into the pore of daily living in Taiwan, not to mention these kids.

shadow.

Muslim old man and child.

Muslims kids.

Jumah

Once Zuhr

Muslim youth looks out the window.

Female muslims youth in a course.

A course

Jumah

Eid Mubarak

First call to prayer

Climb the roof of the Longgang Mosque.

每到伊斯蘭傳統節日，大量在台灣生活的穆斯林都會來到清真寺禮拜。2015年7月18日，開齋節當天，台灣龍岡清真寺由於禮拜殿無法容納所有前來的穆斯林，只能將部分男性穆斯林安排到禮拜殿後方尚未竣工的大樓中進行禮拜。

During each Islamic festival, a large number of Muslims living in Taiwan will go pray in the mosques. Jul 18, 2015 the day of Eid al-Fitr, some Muslim men are arranged to pray in a building under construction behind the prayer hall for the hall of Long Gang Mosque could not accommodate all Islamic prayers.

Muslim forgot to bring blankets

Muslims fainted during Eid Mubarak

Praying during travel

除了少數重要交通樞紐，包括學校在內的大多數台灣公共場所並沒有專門為穆斯林設計禮拜的場所，饒佳和不得已在一間平時不常使用的車床教室中進行午間禮拜，而在禮拜時他會將教室的捲簾門關閉以免受到他人打擾。

Apart from a few important transportation hubs, there is no designated places of worship for Muslims in most public areas in Taiwan, not even in schools. Jiahe Rao has to do his ẓuhr prayer in a less commonly used lathe classroom. By rolling down the roller shutter, he can have some privacy during prayer.

除了少數重要交通樞紐，包括學校在內的大多數台灣公共場所並沒有專門為穆斯林設計禮拜的場所，饒佳和不得已在一間平時不常使用的車床教室中進行午間禮拜，而在禮拜時他會將教室的捲簾門關閉以免受到他人打擾。

Apart from a few important transportation hubs, there is no designated places of worship for Muslims in most public areas in Taiwan, not even in schools. Jiahe Rao has to do his ẓuhr prayer in a less commonly used lathe classroom. By rolling down the roller shutter, he can have some privacy during prayer.

Taiwanese Muslims pray at home.

由於地域的狹小，台灣龍岡清真寺旁邊緊挨著一座基督教堂，從清真寺禮拜殿望出去即可看到教堂上竪立的十字架。據當地穆斯林回憶，清真寺先於教堂出現，起初並不相鄰，但隨著雙方中間土地的逐年買賣，才呈現了現在的景象。據當地媒體報道，台灣基督教徒已達130萬人，而伊斯蘭教徒僅不到5萬，且均為遜尼派穆斯林。

Due to Taiwan's relatively tiny area, a Christian church located right next to Long Gang Mosque. The cross of the church can be seen from the pray hall in the mosque. As local Muslims recalled, the mosque was built before the church where these two was not directly abut. It is land transactions year by year which lead to the way it is.According to local media reports,the Christians in Taiwan has reached 1.3 million people,while the Islamists is not more than 50 thousands, who are Sunni Muslims.

宰牲節，一隻被宰殺的山羊等待進一步的處理。由於台灣的城市內不允許私自宰殺包括牛羊在內的牲畜，但每當台灣的穆斯林慶祝宰牲節的時候，台北市政府都會默許穆斯林將體積較小的羊，在當日清晨送來台北清真寺，以便讓當地的穆斯林延續這一伊斯蘭傳統活動。不過由於寺廟並沒有專門宰牲的場地，通常羊只能被拴在清真寺的一個角落。

Sept 24, 2015 The day of Eid al-Adha, a goat has just got slaughtered and been ready for further processing. Livestock slaughter is forbidden in downtown area in Taiwan. But the Taipei municipal government acquiesces in sending small goats to the mosques in Taipei on Eid al-Adha day morning, in support of this Islamic tradition. For there is no designated place for slaughter, usually the goat is tied in a corner of the mosque.

The goats died for Eid al-Adha.

在一處原本居住著一名台灣清真寺管理者女兒的閒置房間中，牆壁上懸掛著的希臘神話星座畫像，而在旁邊的書櫃中則有多本伊斯蘭教禮拜教程。實際上，古蘭經曾明確禁止偶像崇拜，但在這片被西方文化影響了數十載的東方土地上，這種現象出現在台灣穆斯林族群中並非偶然。

This is a spare room of a mosque manager's daughter's. On the wall hung a drawing of Greek mythology constellation. In the bookcase lay some Islamic prayer textbooks. In fact, idolatry is something that is explicitly forbidden in the Qur'an. However, this is no accident for Muslims in Taiwan, an oriental society deeply affected by western culture.

Taiwanese Muslim youth playing games

Taiwanese Muslim Youth Watch American Disney Movies

台灣清真寺多建於上世紀50-60年代。龍岡清真寺始建於1964年，寺廟周圍起初是一大片茶葉地，如今已經變成了樓宇林立的社區，這片曾經台灣相對最集中的穆斯林聚集社區，最鼎盛時期，登記在冊的也僅僅只有300余戶穆斯林家庭。隨後該地區穆斯林曾經降至不足百戶，但如今又慢慢回升到超過200余戶。

Most of the mosques in Taiwan were built in the 1950s-1960s. Long Gang Mosque, built in 1964, was originally surrounded by a large tea plantation which has turned into a built-up community nowadays. In this relatively biggest Muslim community, only around 300 Muslim households were registered, even in its heyday. In the years following, the number decreased to less than a hundred and went back to around 200.

從台灣龍岡清真寺的禮拜殿向外望，醒目的女性內衣廣告赫然出現在街對面，不少當地穆斯林認為此是對其宗教信仰的侵犯，但卻對此他們也同時認為，應該遵從古蘭經教導穆斯林的包容的處世態度面對此種情況。

Outside the window of Long Gang Mosque praying hall, a striking billboard of lingerie is right across the street. A lot of Muslims see it as a violation against their religious beliefs, while they also think that they should follow the instructions from the Qur'an and obligate themselves to embrace situations like this.

Taipei La̍k-tiunn-lê Muslim Cemetery

Taiwanese ordinary people and Taiwanese Chinese Muslims

Muslim cemetery under the 101 Landmark Building in Taiwan

一個孩子週末在龍岡清真寺玩耍時，不小心將彈珠彈入水溝後，他趴在地上尋找彈珠，而他的姿勢剛好十分接近平時禮拜的姿勢。這個年紀的孩童，對於穆斯林及伊斯蘭文化還沒有深入的認識，只有從模仿開始，而宗教的印記也就在模仿的同時滲入其生活的點滴之中。

This boy accidently dropped his marble into the gutter while he was playing in Long Gang Mosque. He is trying to find his marble, and his posture seems as if he is praying. A child like him has no in-depth understanding about Muslims or the Islamic culture. Yet starting from imitation, religion has seeped into his life.

Female Taiwanese Muslims pray at home

Young Muslim with his classmate.

在齋月結束時，幾名年輕的穆斯林在台灣桃園的一處山頂手持望遠鏡希望可以看到月亮。鑒於當地地理位置的關係，台灣的穆斯林已經近十年沒能望見齋月開始或結束時的月亮，但他們依舊還保留了這樣的望月儀式。

At the end of Ramadan, a couple of young Muslims looked for moon through a pair of high-powered binoculars atop a hill in Taoyuan. Suffering from Taiwan's location, Taiwanese Muslims have not been able to see the moon at neither the start nor end of Ramadan for decades. Nevertheless, they still keep the ritual habit of Moongazing.

Multiple generations of Taiwanese Muslims

Taiwanese Chinese Muslims and her Taiwan-Pakistan mixed-race

週末龍岡清真寺內會聚集年齡不大的小穆斯林，他們通常被父母送來上講經班，學習禮拜知識。清真寺為方便孩子們上課，特地調整了週末中午禮拜的時間。而清真寺副教長馬秉華有時也會犧牲了自己的晌禮（Duhur）的禮拜來監督小穆斯林禮拜動作是否標準。

Every weekend, young Muslims sent by their parents gather at Long Gang Mosque for religious lessons. The ẓuhr prayer time on weekends is rearranged especially for the children. Deputy Imam Binghua Ma sacrifices his Duhur to supervise young Muslims and to correct their prayer prostration.